Originality and research integrity

The Pakistan Journal of Statistics and Operation Research (PJSOR) expects all submissions to meet high standards of originality and academic integrity. Plagiarism in any form is unacceptable.

Plagiarism includes presenting another person’s words, ideas, methods, data, or results as one’s own without appropriate acknowledgement. It may involve copying text verbatim, closely paraphrasing a source without citation, or reproducing tables, figures, or other material without proper attribution.

Reuse of previously published work

Authors must clearly identify and cite any material reused from their own previous publications. Substantial undisclosed reuse of previously published text or results, including duplicate publication, is unacceptable. Rewording material alone does not remove the need to acknowledge its source.

Similarity screening

Submissions may be screened using Turnitin or iThenticate to identify overlap with previously published material and other available sources. The overall similarity index should not exceed 20%.

A similarity score indicates matching text; it does not, by itself, establish whether plagiarism has occurred. The nature, extent, and context of each match must be considered. A score below 20% does not make unattributed copying acceptable, and authors remain responsible for proper citation and attribution throughout the manuscript.

Authors’ responsibilities

• Submit original work and acknowledge all sources used.
• Use quotation marks or clearly identified block quotations when reproducing wording directly, with an appropriate citation.
• Paraphrase accurately in your own words and cite the original source.
• Provide appropriate attribution and obtain permission to reproduce material where required.
• Disclose relevant previous publications and any substantial overlap with the submitted manuscript.

Please also follow the journal’s Author Guidelines when preparing your submission.