Modeling Anemia Dynamics Among Women of Reproductive Age Using Topp-Leone Exponentiated Generalized Exponential (TLEG-E) Distribution

Abstract

Anemia continues to be a significant public health issue, particularly impacting women aged 15 to 49. To improve the modeling of anemia prevalence, this study introduces the proposed distribution, offering enhanced flexibility for capturing skewed and heavy-tailed data structures. The model is applied to country-level data from Pakistan, with global trends from World Bank data serving as a comparative backdrop. The TLEG-E distribution demonstrates superior fit and interpretability compared to traditional models, effectively highlighting a declining trend in anemia among Pakistani women, potentially reflecting the impact of health policy reforms and improved nutritional access. While global prevalence varies widely across regions, the emphasis here lies in the methodological advancement and its utility for health data modeling. The proposed framework provides a robust statistical foundation for tracking anemia trends and can support more targeted policy interventions. Its adaptability makes it suitable for broader applications in epidemiological research, enabling more precise assessments of public health initiatives across diverse populations.